How can thousands of households get warm in winter

Six questions about energy central enterprises looking at supply guarantee

December 24th

CCTV2 CCTV Finance Channel's "Dialogue" column

"Six Questions on Energy Supply" broadcast

Dialogue with Zhang Wei, Party Secretary and Chairman of the State Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Network Group Co., Ltd.

Meng Zhenping, Party Secretary and Chairman of China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd.

Wen Shugang, Party Secretary and Chairman of China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd.

Qian Zhimin, Party Secretary and Chairman of State Electric Power Investment Group Co., Ltd.

What is the energy supply guarantee situation of central enterprises this year?

How do we spend the winter warmly?

Coal, natural gas, in addition to traditional energy,

What else is power generation and heating?

Stabilize prices and ensure safety.

What surprises will the new energy system bring?

Let's take a look together

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01

How is the energy supply guarantee work progressing this winter?

Zhang Wei: The winter supply guarantee of natural gas is a systematic project. We must do our job well, which is to store and transport natural gas, and we must transport these gas from upstream to downstream customers within the specified time. If we talk about key projects, the "West-East Gas Pipeline" that everyone is more familiar with is an important channel from northwest to east, while the "Sichuan Gas Pipeline" is the main resource channel from southwest to east. In 2022, we have a particularly important project - the China-Russia East Line Natural Gas Pipeline Project. The Tai'an-Taixing section was successfully put into production on December 7. It can enable Russian gas to enter Shanghai and achieve "north gas delivery to the south".

In addition, our LNG receiving station can be berthed at night. At present, we collect and unload one cargo every three days. If we can be berthed at night, we can achieve two cargoes, which can ensure that "south gas delivery" is achieved when necessary. Our gas storage is also interconnected with other gas storage in society, improving the ability of gas storage resources to access the network.

Meng Zhenping: Since the beginning of this year, the power supply and demand situation in the southern region has been complex and changeable. We have made early predictions, early research and early deployment. We have formulated 39 key measures to ensure power supply to ensure economic growth, social stability, people's livelihood electricity use, and power grid safety.

Faced with the multiple rounds of cold waves in the southern region at the beginning of this year, we urgently dispatched 76,000 people to carry out ice melting operations and emergency repairs to ensure the safety of the western-east power transmission channel; the flood water was relatively abundant, so we seized the opportunity to fully absorb clean energy; during the dry season, we encountered rare drought disasters, and we fully utilized the role of the large power grid resource optimization allocation platform to maximize the guarantee.Electricity supply. Through the joint efforts of all parties, the power supply in the five southern provinces and regions was generally stable. From January to November, the unified load of the Southern Power Grid hit a new high twice, reaching a maximum of 223 million kilowatts, an increase of 3.05% year-on-year.

Wen Shugang: From several data, one is that in terms of power, our Huaneng’s installed capacity has reached 212 million kilowatts, and the annual power generation accounts for nearly 10% of the national power generation. In addition, our coal production capacity is expected to exceed 100 million tons this year. From the perspective of heating, Huaneng's heating area exceeds 1 billion square meters, making it the largest heating enterprise in the country for people's livelihood. It also accounts for more than 10% of the city's centralized heating supply. Huanenggenhe Thermal Power will start heating on August 31.

In terms of coal supply, we have increased our efforts to ensure coal supply. No matter how high the coal price in the market is now, we should still open as much as possible for the demand for energy supply. From the current perspective, our entire livelihood security work is proceeding in an orderly manner.

Qian Zhimin: Our state power investment is still very heavy in the task of ensuring supply, and the pressure is also very high. What the competent authorities are now focusing on thermal power generation. We have 233 thermal power units and a total installed capacity of 85.69 million kilowatts. State Power Investment Corporation is the largest power generation company in Shanghai, Chongqing, Qinghai, Guizhou, Henan and Jiangxi. In addition to the traditional power supply guarantee, we also need to ensure heating, and State Power Investment has undertaken a heating area of 385 million square meters.

While traditional thermal power generation, we currently have 127 million kilowatts of clean energy installed capacity, ranking first in the world, and they also play an important role in ensuring supply.

02

Will there be power outages this winter?

Zhang Wei: We are still very confident. The increase in domestic natural gas is relatively stable. The gas storage connected to the pipeline network has already reserved 16.5 billion cubic meters. At the same time, our LNG receiving station has also achieved further improvement in peak rushing capacity. By December 15, the national natural gas consumption had reached 1.3 billion cubic meters per day, close to the extreme value of 1.372 billion cubic meters per day in 2021. After sufficient communication with the upstream and downstream, we have the ability to reach 1.5 billion cubic meters of peak consumption per day during peak periods, and we are confident in dealing with this year's cold wave.

Meng Zhenping: As New Year's Day approaches, people going out are returning home in a concentrated manner, and the electricity load of residents will increase significantly. We will take a series of measures to continue to play the role of the platform for optimizing the allocation of resources of the large power grid, work with power generation companies to overcome difficulties, maximize the power generation capacity of coal-fired and gas-fired power, and resolutely avoid pulling off the power supply.

Wen Shugang: In the next stage, we will focus on making plans to deal with some extreme weather impacts. First of all, we must ensure the status and quality of the power generation equipment, make all preparations, and ensure that we can open the plug for heating once necessary in winter. In terms of heating pipelines, heating stations, distribution stations, etc., we must also strengthen management to ensure that the entire industrial chain can provide our people with electricity and heat energy, and ensure that the people have a warm winter.

Qian Zhimin: Regarding coal, State Power Investment Corporation has about 78.7 million tons, of which 30% of the coal must be supplied to other companies. Our group needs about 200 million tons of coal, and another 70% of it needs to be imported from the outside. However, in the face of supply guarantee situation, we still need to provide electricity and heating.

03

How did electricity and heating come to my house?

Zhang Wei: This process is very complicated from upstream oil and gas field production to end users. Simply put, after the upstream oil and gas fields produce natural gas, they concentrate through the collection and transmission pipelines, and at the same time dehydrate, desulfurize and other purification treatments, so that the natural gas reaches the "pure" standard, so that it can enter the main pipeline network of the national pipeline network. In the main pipeline network, we set up pressure stations every once in a while so that natural gas can be continuously transported forward after increasing the pressure. After entering the city, we also need to reduce pressure and odorize the natural gas to ensure the safety of residents' gas use.

Meng Zhenping: Electricity comes out of the power plant and is transported to high-voltage transmission lines through the boost substation. It is like passing through a highway, and is quickly sent to various places. However, this journey may encounter many challenges, because overhead transmission lines run from several kilometers to thousands of kilometers, and may encounter problems such as severe weather and external force damage. Only through technological means and the operation and maintenance of power grid personnel can electricity pass through the mountains and ridges and successfully deliver to the destination, then step by step down to 220 volts through the substation, and finally light up the lights of thousands of homes.

04

Is there enough coal for power generation?

Wen Shugang: According to the output, we are the eighth largest coal enterprise in the country. Now we have 23 mines in production, 7 of which are listed as the national supply-saving coal mines. Through the national high-quality production capacity release policy, we have added 19.3 million tons of coal production capacity this year. Specifically, for example, the Huaneng Yimin Open Pit Mine, the largest open-pit mine in our country, has an annual production capacity of 35 million tons. Our Zalai Nuoer and Huating Coal Industry can also produce 50,000 tons per day, so this allows our Huaneng to produce over 100 million yuan this year. In order to ensure the safe production of our electricity, we have created certain foundations and conditions for heating our people's livelihood.

05

What are the new power supply and heating methods?

Meng Zhenping: In terms of actively supporting the development of new energy, we have formulated a plan for the 170 million kilowatt new energy access system in the 14th Five-Year Plan, a special plan for large-scale distributed photovoltaic access in 105 key counties and districts, and planned a batch of new energy access projects ahead of schedule. In terms of power grid construction, we are accelerating the construction of a strong power grid that adapts to the rapid development of new energy. Guangdong Target Grid Project, Hainan’s digital 500 kV transmission and transformation project, Hainan’s unified charging and swapping infrastructure “one network”, etc. are accelerating the construction to support the green and low-carbon development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Hainan Free Trade Port. In terms of pumped storage development, we are accelerating the construction of pumped storage power stations such as Langjiang, Zhaoqing, Huizhou Zhongdong, Guangxi, etc. After completion and operation, it will effectively improve the power system regulation capacity and support the access and consumption of new energy. In terms of promoting the interconnection of power grids with neighboring countries, we give full play to our location advantages, accelerate the interconnection projects of China-Laos and China-Myanmar power grids, and work with Lancang-Mekong countries to achieve larger-scale green and low-carbon electricity trade.

Wen Shugang: First, vigorously develop clean energy mainly based on wind, photoelectricity. For example, seized the opportunity of developing the national "Shagohuang" large base project, Huaneng obtained a 12 million kilowatt wind and photovoltaic base project in Kubuqi Desert, Inner Mongolia. We have also developed a green clean energy base with multiple energy complementary energy in Longdong, Gansu. Now the first batch of 6 million kilowatts of new energy and 2 million kilowatts of thermal power are being promoted in an orderly manner. In terms of hydropower, we rely on the development of the Lancang River Basin to build a system that complements water, wind, light and storage multi-energy. In terms of nuclear power, the world's first high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration project with inherent safety - Huaneng Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant has been connected to the grid to generate power, and the initial full-power operation of the double reactor on December 9 was achieved. We have now formed three nuclear power bases: Shidaowan, Kasuura and Changjiang.

Qian Zhimin: In addition to thermal power generator sets, we have 127 million kilowatts of clean energy installed capacity, which is the largest in the world. We now place clean supply and ensure that we have an important position, such as nuclear energy. In the past, nuclear power was power generation. Now, our Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant in Shandong has provided local nuclear energy heating for the fourth consecutive year, which has enabled Haiyang City to achieve zero carbon and is lower than the traditional heating price. We also use photovoltaics and wind power for heating, which has been implemented in Inner Mongolia and Qinghai. In addition, biomass heating is also carried out in Heilongjiang.

06

Electricity billWill heating fees rise? How to ensure energy security in the future?

Zhang Wei: In terms of long-term development, the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward clear requirements of "strengthening the construction of energy production, supply, storage and sales systems to ensure energy security." To this end, we are currently rollingly revising the "14th Five-Year Plan" development plan, which is to build a "national network".

At present, we have started construction of the fourth line of West-East Gas Pipeline, which is another major energy channel from the northwest to the east. In 2023, we will also start construction of Sichuan Gas East Transport Line 2, which is another major energy channel from the southwest to the east. At the same time, as the China-Russia Eastern Line has been put into production, we also plan to invest in the new China-Russia Far East pipeline in 2023 to further enhance the supply guarantee capacity of the eastern energy channel. In addition, we must further increase the intensity of interconnection, further increase the construction of gas storage, and further enhance the peak-rushing capabilities of LNG receiving stations.

Meng Zhenping: In July 2022, the southern regional power market started trial operation, marking the first implementation of the national unified power market system in the southern region. This market system covers medium- and long-term markets, spot markets, auxiliary service markets, etc. The electricity spot market can discover the prices of electricity at different times and spaces based on the real-time supply and demand of the market, thereby promoting the efficient use of energy in the entire society. In 2022, the spot price was up to 1.07 yuan/kWh and the lowest was 0.069 yuan/kWh.Electricity PriceIt can rise and fall, which truly plays the role of price discovery in the power market. According to statistics, the southern region has increased its revenue of coal-fired power enterprises by about 30 billion yuan this year, and timely guided gas power generation costs by about 7 billion yuan. In accordance with relevant national regulations, electricity for residents and agricultural use is guaranteed by power grid enterprises, and prices are maintained through low-priced power supplies and other measures.

At present, the Southern Power Grid has built the "eight AC and eleven DC" west-east power transmission channel, and is accelerating the implementation of the ultra-high voltage DC transmission project from southeast Tibet to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to meet the needs of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and medium- and long-term power supply and energy green and low-carbon transformation of five southern provinces and regions. Secondly, accelerate the construction of digital power grids. Taking digital technology as the key tool to promote the research and development of green and low-carbon technologies, we will work together to build a new power system through the construction of a digital power grid, power grid, load, and energy storage to serve the construction of a new energy system. At the same time, strengthen exchanges and cooperation in scientific and technological innovation. We will work together with the upstream and downstream of the energy industry chain to strengthen joint scientific and technological research and development and sharing of results in the fields of renewable energy development and utilization, energy storage, energy conservation and emission reduction, new power systems, green industries, etc., and jointly promote the low-carbon transformation of energy and electricity.

Wen Shugang: In the next step, China Huaneng will help achieve the "dual carbon" goal in accordance with the deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and improve the ability to ensure energy security and supply. Huaneng will continue to transform and develop greenly and innovatively, help the country build a new energy system, and make Huaneng's greater new contributions to serving and ensuring the country's energy and electricity security.

Qian Zhimin: First of all, the construction of large bases, that is, the clean energy of deserts, deserts, and Gobi turns into large bases and transport them to places where needed. Second, make efforts to convert green electricity. If clean energy can be converted into hydrogen on the spot, and converted into other green chemical raw materials and oil and gas, energy storage and transportation can be truly realized. We have conducted demonstrations in this area in Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and Xinjiang, and are expected to be promoted in the future. In addition, we are our innovative comprehensive smart zero-carbon power plant. For example, we use our smart system and advanced algorithms to connect the majority of users to save energy. At the same time, on this basis, all distributed energy is connected to this system, and energy storage is added. This system is now called an integrated smart zero-carbon power plant. We have preliminary estimates that a prefecture-level city can build a zero-carbon smart power plant of about 3 million kilowatts, which is economical and has no carbon emissions yet.